Outline of O&M Skills/Concepts
BASIC
SKILLS
- Cane:
- Constant-contact / Touch techniques
- Stairs
- Explore objects contacted with cane
- Shorelining / trailing with cane
- Negotiate obstacles contacted by cane
- Walk around obstacles or corners without tripping on obstacle or corner
- Modification when walking with a guide
- Cane technique maintained without concentration
- Cane information (obstacles / drop-offs) noticed
when distracted
- Able to use cane in either hand
- Locating door handles
- Explanations
- Human guide:
- Narrow passages
- Doorways
- Stairs
- Seating in a chair; at a table
- Opening the door for a female guide
- What the guide needs to know
- Locating objects by following
guide's arm
- Maintain orientation through building
- Builds a cognitive map
- Is aware of direction/space
whenever turning
- Maintains orientation when
guided (including turns
- Kinesthetic sense:
- Maintains line around obstacle
- Accurate turns (active and passive/guided)
- Distance measurement while walking
- Hearing
- Localization
- Echolocation:
- Detect corners / openings /
walls
- Determine room size / distance
of wall
- Vision:
- Car familiarization
- Hines Break
- Hand and forearm techniques: Upper, Lower
- Trailing with hand
- Squaring off
- Direction-taking
- Room
familiarization
- Can familiarize self to new room
- Uses landmarks
- Drop-off (reorient in room /
building without assistance after being intentionally
disoriented)
- Locating dropped objects
- Three techniques for getting
down while protecting head
OUTSIDE TRAVEL
- Sidewalk travel
- Cane technique maintained /
snags controlled
- Three-point touch cane technique
- Recovery from veer in driveway
- Features of driveways vs. streets
- Use of sound shadows and
echolocation
- Orientation
- Use of sun for orientation
- Use of features and landmarks
- Drop-off (reorient in familiar
community without assistance after being intentionally
disoriented)
- Street crossing
- General street-crossing skills:
- Crossings with no traffic control
- Signalized
intersections
- Actuation vs. fixed-time
- Analyze traffic pattern
- Determine best time to cross
- Three sources of danger:
- Pedestrian buttons / WALK signals
- how to find and use
pedestrian buttons
- Separate (channelized)
right-turning lanes
COMMUNICATION / INTERACTION (for deaf-blind people)
- Understand strategies / options for communication
- Choose preferred communication techniques
- Practice / assess use of technique(s)
- Feedback on use of technique(s)
- Re-selection of / improvement in technique(s)
- Understand principles of
successful interaction
BUSINESS AREA
TRAVEL:
- Find destinations
- Interact with and get assistance from the public effectively
- Shopping:
- Interacting with salespeople
- Handling money
- Grocery shopping
- Orient self to unfamiliar destination and find it
again independently
- Buses
- Metro system
- Soliciting aid
- Escalators
- Elevators
- Find unfamiliar destinations (gather information,
plan trip, and execute independently)
- Cabs
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